Hyperactive describes people with ADHD, a condition that affects adults and children through impulsivity and inattention. Here we look at its symptoms, diagnosis and treatments at different ages.
Key Points
- ADHD is a neuropsychiatric condition that affects both adults and children, characterised by impulsivity, restlessness and difficulty maintaining attention, which negatively impacts academic performance, work and personal relationships.
- The most effective ADHD treatment is a multimodal approach that includes medication, behavioural therapy and complementary approaches, individually tailored for each patient.
- The support and collaboration of parents, teachers and health professionals is crucial in managing ADHD in children, as well as the implementation of strategies such as time management and organisation to improve the quality of life of affected adults.
What does it mean to be hyperactive?
ADHD is a neuropsychiatric condition affecting both adults and children, characterised by impulsivity, restlessness and difficulty maintaining attention. Hyperactive individuals may experience a constant need for movement, difficulty concentrating on specific tasks and a tendency to act without thinking about the consequences.
These characteristics can lead to problems in school performance, work and personal relationships. Hyperactivity and impulsivity not only affect the ability to pay attention, but can also cause disorganised behaviour and an inability to follow detailed instructions, further complicating daily life for sufferers.
Symptoms of hyperactivity in adults
Adults with hyperactivity face unique challenges that may differ from symptoms seen in childhood. One of the most common manifestations is disorganisation and difficulty prioritising, often leading to missed deadlines and forgetting important meetings. This lack of structure can result in significant problems in both work and personal life.
Impulsivity is another predominant symptom in hyperactive adults. This can manifest as impatience when waiting in line or driving in heavy traffic. In addition, low frustration tolerance and frequent mood swings are common, which can negatively affect interpersonal relationships and overall mental health.
Hyperactivity in adulthood does not always result in excessive physical activity, but may include a constant feeling of restlessness and problems multitasking. These symptoms can make it difficult to complete projects and achieve personal goals, often leading to a sense of dissatisfaction and stress.
Identifying hyperactivity in children
In children, hyperactivity manifests itself in ways that can significantly affect their school performance and social relationships. Symptoms of ADHD in children include inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. These characteristics can cause children to have difficulty following instructions and completing tasks, often resulting in poor academic performance.
In addition, children with ADHD may have trouble developing adequate social skills, which can lead to conflicts with peers and difficulty forming lasting friendships. These problems can be particularly challenging as children get older and face increased academic and social demands.
Inattention
Inattention in children with ADHD is one of the main reasons why they have difficulties in school. These children often have trouble staying focused on tasks and games, which can lead to careless mistakes in their schoolwork. This lack of attention can also make it difficult to acquire adequate reading skills and to understand the main ideas in texts. Difficulty paying attention is a key issue in these cases.
Poor school performance is a common consequence in students with ADHD, and around 20% of these children experience specific learning difficulties in areas such as reading, writing and numeracy. This combination of difficulties can lead to a dislike of school and learning in general.
Impulsive behaviour
Impulsivity in hyperactive children can be particularly problematic in the school environment. These children tend to act without thinking and have difficulties with self-control, which manifests itself in behaviours such as interrupting others and answering questions before they are finished. This impulsivity can lead to conflicts with teachers and peers, negatively affecting the learning environment.
In addition, impulsivity can lead to frequent errors in schoolwork, especially in mathematics, where children may fail to analyse signs correctly or change algorithms without fully understanding the problem. These errors can accumulate and significantly affect their academic performance.
Diagnosis of hyperactivity
Diagnosis of ADHD is a complex process that requires the identification of a pattern of symptoms present before the age of 12. For a proper diagnosis, it is essential that these symptoms cause significant problems both at home and at school. There is no single test to diagnose ADHD; instead, it is based on observation of symptoms over time.
The diagnostic process may include:
- A medical examination to rule out other causes of symptoms.
- Gathering detailed information about personal and family medical history
- Interviews or questionnaires for family members, teachers and caregivers may also be part of the process, providing a comprehensive picture of the child's behaviour in different settings.
The ADHD rating scales and the DSM-5 criteria, published by the American Psychiatric Association, are crucial tools in the diagnosis. A psychiatrist specialising in ADHD can provide an accurate diagnosis, as well as a personalised treatment plan and follow-up.
Effective treatments for hyperactivity
Treatment of ADHD is most effective when a multimodal approach is used, which may include medication, behavioural therapy and complementary approaches. This comprehensive approach addresses the different aspects of the disorder, providing more complete symptom relief.
Medications, such as methylphenidate and amphetamines, are commonly used to treat ADHD and have been shown to be effective in many people. Behavioural therapy is also essential to help people manage their symptoms and improve their control of behaviours.
In addition, complementary approaches such as dietary changes and exercise can be beneficial when combined with conventional treatments.
Medications
The most common medications to treat ADHD include methylphenidate, amphetamines and atomoxetine. Methylphenidate and amphetamines are psychostimulant drugs that increase dopamine at synaptic junctions, which improves concentration and reduces impulsivity. Extended-release formulations, such as Concerta, can last for 8-12 hours, providing sustained symptom control.
Atomoxetine, a non-psychostimulant treatment, inhibits noradrenaline reuptake and is especially useful for those who do not respond to psychostimulants. It is essential to take medication as directed by a doctor and to avoid alcohol, tobacco and drug use to maximise benefits and minimise side effects.
Behavioural therapy
Behavioural therapy is a powerful tool to help people with ADHD manage their symptoms and improve their behavioural control. The goal of behavioural therapy is for the patient to recognise the limitations of their disorder and learn strategies to manage their symptoms in their daily lives.
Cognitive-behavioural therapies are especially effective in addressing problems of self-esteem and impaired interpersonal relationships in patients with ADHD. Behavioural intervention may include strategies to improve organisation, time management and emotional regulation.
Complementary approaches
Complementary approaches in the treatment of ADHD may include dietary changes, nutritional supplements and mindfulness practices. Although these approaches may not have strong scientific evidence, some individuals find benefit in their use in combination with conventional treatments.
Exercising regularly, maintaining a healthy diet and using cognitive stimulation programmes such as those offered by CogniFit may help to better manage hyperactivity or restlessness. These strategies can complement conventional treatments and improve the quality of life for people with ADHD.
Tips for parents of hyperactive children
For parents of hyperactive children, it is crucial to work closely with teachers to develop an individualised education plan (IEP) or 504 plan that addresses their specific needs. This collaboration can help improve school performance and manage problem behaviours.
Applying discipline with clear goals and caring is critical to correcting behaviour without negatively affecting a child's self-esteem. Setting clear expectations before going anywhere and setting aside special time together each day strengthens the relationship and improves the child's self-esteem.
Protecting the child's self-esteem by being patient, understanding and acknowledging their achievements is crucial. Children with ADHD can benefit from receiving specific praise for positive behaviours, which boosts their confidence and motivation.
How to improve the quality of life of hyperactive adults
Hyperactive adults can improve their quality of life by working on organisation and time management. Prioritising urgent tasks and writing down assigned work, appointments and important thoughts can help reduce stress and increase productivity.
In addition, to significantly improve well-being, it is important:
- Get enough sleep, between 7 and 9 hours per night.
- Avoid screens at least one hour before bedtime.
- Establish and maintain supportive social relationships, which is vital for maintaining a good emotional balance and improving quality of life.
Resources and support
Seeking support and using available resources is fundamental to managing ADHD for both adults and children. Joining support organisations such as CHADD can provide access to valuable information and useful resources to better understand the disorder and different management strategies. In addition, it is important to have a health care provider who specialises in ADHD.
In addition, there are support groups for adults with ADHD in many cities where people can share experiences and strategies. Online resources, such as forums and virtual communities, also provide a safe space to discuss ADHD-related issues and get emotional support.
For those interested in deepening their knowledge of ADHD, the Formainfancia School offers a Master's Degree in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in distance and online modalities.
Summary
In short, hyperactivity is a complex condition that affects both adults and children and is characterised by impulsivity, inattention and restlessness. Identifying the symptoms and obtaining an early diagnosis is crucial to effectively manage this condition. Multimodal treatments, including medication, behavioural therapy and complementary approaches, offer the best opportunities to improve the quality of life for those with ADHD.
It is essential that both parents and affected adults seek support and use available resources to address daily challenges. With the right information and strategies, it is possible to manage the symptoms of ADHD and lead a full and satisfying life. If you or someone you know is dealing with hyperactivity, don't hesitate to seek professional help and apply the recommendations presented here.
Frequently asked questions
What are the symptoms of a hyperactive person?
Symptoms of a hyperactive person include extreme restlessness, difficulty sitting still and the inability to keep hands or feet still. Sometimes it can also manifest as a need to be constantly on the move and exhaust others due to their level of activity.
How is ADHD in children diagnosed?
ADHD in children is diagnosed by a pattern of symptoms present before the age of 12, with the help of interviews, questionnaires and rating scales. It is important to seek professional help if ADHD is suspected.
What treatments are effective for hyperactivity?
The most effective treatments for hyperactivity include medication, behavioural therapy, dietary changes and exercise. It is important to seek the opinion of a health professional to determine the best approach.
What tips can help parents of hyperactive children?
Parents of hyperactive children can be helped by working closely with teachers, applying discipline with clear goals and protecting the child's self-esteem. This can make a difference in their development and well-being.
How can hyperactive adults improve their quality of life?
Hyperactive adults can improve their quality of life by focusing on organisation, time management, adequate rest and maintaining supportive social relationships. This will help them to have a more balanced and satisfying life.
