How can we recognise hyperactivity in children and what solutions exist to manage it? This article answers these crucial questions. You will learn how to identify the signs of hyperactivity and discover effective approaches for dealing with it. This guide is designed to give you clear, practical answers.
Key points
- Hyperactivity, often associated with ADHD, manifests itself as attention difficulties, excessive activity and impulsivity, affecting children's school and social lives.
- Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary assessment are essential for effective treatment, involving health professionals and collaboration between parents and teachers.
- Treatments for ADHD combine non-drug approaches, such as behavioural therapy, and drugs, requiring rigorous monitoring of side effects.
Understanding hyperactivity
Hyperactivity is an attention deficit disorder (ADHD) characterised by poor attention, excessive activity and inappropriate impulsivity. This disorder can have a significant impact on children's lives, leading to failure at school, antisocial behaviour and the risk of addiction, which can persist into adulthood. Around 5.9% of children under the age of 18 are affected by ADHD, underlining the importance of raising awareness and understanding of this attention deficit disorder.
Early, multidisciplinary treatment is essential to help children with ADHD overcome their difficulties and improve their quality of life. It is crucial to recognise early signs and act quickly to provide the necessary support and avoid long-term complications.
The difference between ADHD and hyperactivity
It is important to distinguish between hyperactivity and ADHD. Not all hyperactive children have ADHD. Hyperactivity manifests itself in a constant need to move, talk, shout and make noises.
However, some children may simply be hyperactive without having attention deficit disorder. In other words, a child can be overactive without meeting the criteria for a diagnosis of ADHD.
Signs and symptoms of hyperactivity
The signs and symptoms of hyperactivity often manifest themselves in a variety of ways. Here are some typical behaviours of children with ADHD:
- Difficulty concentrating on a task for an extended period of time
- Signs of inattention and agitation
- Disorganised behaviour in daily tasks
- Excessive and inappropriate reactions to events in the environment
These manifestations may vary from one child to another, but they are often observed in those who suffer from this disorder.
Manifestations of ADHD include difficulties in controlling attention, behaviour and impulses. These difficulties take the form of inattention, excessive activity and impulsivity. Hyperactive children may display behaviours such as restlessness and difficulty paying attention, which affect their social interaction and performance at school.
Inattention and concentration
Inattention in children manifests itself in difficulties concentrating on tasks and following instructions. This can lead to problems with schoolwork and everyday activities. Children with ADHD often have difficulty maintaining their attention on specific tasks, being easily distracted by external stimuli.
Impulsivity, on the other hand, can take the form of thoughtless actions, such as speaking without thinking or making quick decisions without considering the consequences. These behaviours can cause problems not only at school, but also in other aspects of a child's social life.
Impulsivity
Impulsivity in ADHD children manifests itself in frequent interruption of activities and difficulty in curbing urges or actions. For example, an impulsive child may constantly interrupt conversations or games, unable to wait their turn.
These behaviours can lead to conflicts with peers and adults, affecting the child's social relationships. Impulsivity can also lead to risky behaviour or hasty decisions, sometimes putting the child in danger.
Motor hyperactivity
Motor hyperactivity manifests itself in children as a constant need to move, making it difficult to sit still. Hyperactive children can be observed moving constantly, even in situations where it would be appropriate to remain calm. This constant restlessness can interfere with their concentration in class, affecting their performance at school and their social interactions.
They also have a strong urge to move around, which can prevent them from concentrating on calm activities. Sometimes they find it difficult to remain quiet, even in calm environments.
It is essential to understand that not all children who show hyperactive behaviour necessarily meet the criteria for ADHD; some may simply be hyperactive.
Causes of hyperactivity
There are many causes of hyperactivity, including genetic, environmental and neurodevelopmental factors. For example, exposure in utero to substances such as alcohol, tobacco or cocaine can increase the risk of developing ADHD. Similarly, exposure to lead during childhood is another environmental factor linked to ADHD.
A history of brain infections or head injuries may also play a role in the development of ADHD. Low birth weight is associated with an increased risk of ADHD in children. Traumatic events in childhood can also contribute to the development of ADHD.
Other factors such as obstructive sleep apnoea and nutritional deficiencies, particularly in iron, are also thought to contribute to ADHD. Understanding these causes is essential to better manage ADHD and support affected children.
Diagnosing hyperactivity
ADHD can be diagnosed by a variety of healthcare professionals, including :
- the GP
- psychiatrist
- child psychiatrist
- paediatrician
- neuro-paediatrician
- neurologist
The diagnosis is generally made after the age of 6. It is based on clinical signs such as inattention and impulsivity, measured by psychological tests and a full assessment of the child's life and behaviour.
Questionnaires completed by parents and teachers, as well as direct observations of the child, are also valuable diagnostic tools. These assessments help to confirm the presence of ADHD symptoms and to distinguish these symptoms from those caused by other disorders.
Multidisciplinary assessment
Management of ADHD must be multidisciplinary, involving various health professionals to adapt treatments to the child's needs. Multidisciplinary assessment includes psychiatric, psychological and educational contributions. A multidisciplinary team in a medical-psychological centre includes psychiatrists and psychologists.
It is crucial to initiate treatment as soon as possible after the diagnosis of ADHD in order to optimise results. Coordination by the treating doctor with other health professionals as required is essential for effective follow-up. Training teachers to understand ADHD and its manifestations improves their ability to respond to pupils' needs.
Psychological tests
Psychological tests specifically measure inattention and impulsivity as part of the diagnosis of ADHD.
The professionals involved in the treatment of ADHD include :
- the treating doctor
- paediatrician
- psychiatrist
- psychologist
- psychomotor therapist
- speech therapist
- occupational therapist
- social worker.
Initial treatment for ADHD is based on non-medicinal approaches such as psychotherapy, re-education and parental guidance.
Care and treatment
Treatment options for ADHD include both medicinal and non-medicinal approaches. Psychostimulant medications are considered to be the most effective in treating ADHD. For example, Slenyto® is a melatonin-containing medication mentioned for ADHD. However, drug treatment should only be prescribed if non-drug approaches are not sufficient to manage symptoms.
Non-medicinal approaches include behavioural, cognitive and emotional therapy. The main aim of therapy sessions is to teach children to observe themselves, resolve their difficulties and modify their behaviour. These techniques aim to improve communication with the child and manage behavioural problems.
Behavioural therapy
The techniques generally used for a hyperactive child include behavioural, cognitive and emotional therapy. It is recommended that simple, assertive instructions be used, adapted to the hyperactive child's level of understanding. Checking the child's understanding of the instructions is crucial to ensure that he or she knows what to do.
Psycho-education improves communication with the child and helps to manage behavioural problems. Positive reinforcement can be beneficial in encouraging desired behaviours in children with ADHD.
Medication and side effects
Medicinal treatment for ADHD, such as methylphenidate, requires intensive medical supervision because of its potential side effects. Medication should only be prescribed if non-medication approaches are not sufficient to manage ADHD symptoms.
Side effects of medication can include sleep disturbance, loss of appetite and headaches. It is therefore essential to monitor the child closely and adjust the treatment according to his or her specific needs.
Family and school support
Support from families and schools is crucial in helping children with hyperactivity. Around 3.5 to 5.6% of schoolchildren in France are affected by ADHD. Adapted teaching strategies, such as frequent breaks and visual methods, are recommended for pupils with ADHD.
The systemic approach to supporting children with ADHD involves the collaboration of all stakeholders, including teachers, parents and specialists. It is essential to recognise that the behaviour of a child with ADHD is influenced by his or her environment, both at school and at home.
Open communication and mutual understanding between parents, teachers and health professionals are essential to create a supportive environment.
Parenting strategies
Parents play a crucial role in managing their child's ADHD. Concentration problems can lead to poor performance at school, affecting the child's self-esteem. Parenting skills training programmes (PSTP) are designed to help parents better manage their child's behaviour. These programmes offer practical techniques for encouraging positive behaviour and improving communication within the family.
Encouraging children to take regular exercise can improve their attention and memory. Setting up a ‘quiet corner’ in the home can also help hyperactive children to relax and calm down.
It is advisable to ignore certain minor behaviours so as not to constantly reprimand the hyperactive child and thus preserve a positive atmosphere at home.
School adjustments
Children with ADHD may have attention problems, with frequent distractions and difficulty following instructions. To help them succeed in the classroom, it is crucial to put in place teaching adaptations. Here are a few suggestions:
- Introduce regular breaks to allow hyperactive children to release their energy.
- Use visual aids to help them understand instructions.
- Create a calm, distraction-free working environment.
- Offer short, varied tasks to maintain commitment.
- Encourage the use of time management techniques, such as timers.
These adaptations can greatly enhance the learning experience of children with ADHD.
Teachers can also use visual methods to capture students' attention and teaching strategies tailored to their specific needs. By working closely with parents and health professionals, teachers can create a school environment that is conducive to the learning and development of children with ADHD.
Prognosis and course
It is difficult to predict the trajectory of ADHD in an individual, as each case is unique and may develop differently. Around 50% of children with ADHD may be symptom-free by adulthood. However, for some, symptoms may persist and require ongoing adaptation of the diagnostic and therapeutic approach over time.
Adolescents with ADHD may have difficulty managing their emotions, which can lead to family conflict and increase the prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders. Some adolescents may develop an increased awareness of their disorder and become proactive in managing it, while others may resist recognition of their ADHD.
ADHD syndrome can also impact on individuals' lives by increasing the risk of depression, accidents and addictions.
Resources and help available
There are many resources and aids available to help children with ADHD. ADHD activity packs include activities designed specifically for children with hyperactivity. These activities help to channel their energy constructively and improve their concentration.
Sensory management guides help to understand and manage the sensory challenges faced by children with ADHD. Behaviour management resources include charts and strategies designed to encourage positive behaviour in children at home and at school.
Using these resources not only helps to improve children's well-being, but also strengthens the relationship between parents, teachers and children together.
In a nutshell
In summary, hyperactivity and ADHD in children are complex conditions that require a thorough understanding and a multidisciplinary approach for effective management. From recognising the signs and symptoms to putting in place family and school support strategies, every step is crucial to improving the quality of life of children with ADHD. By staying informed and collaborating with health and education professionals, parents and teachers can play a central role in the harmonious development of children. Together, we can create a more understanding and supportive environment for these young people.
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between hyperactivity and ADHD?
Hyperactivity is distinguished from ADHD by its exclusive manifestation of the need for movement, whereas ADHD also encompasses problems of inattention and impulsivity. It is therefore essential to assess all these aspects in order to make an accurate diagnosis.
What are the main signs of ADHD in children?
The main signs of ADHD in children include difficulty concentrating, excessive agitation and impulsive behaviour. Recognising these symptoms is essential for appropriate intervention.
What are the possible causes of hyperactivity?
Hyperactivity can be attributed to genetic, environmental and neurodevelopmental factors, such as in utero exposure to harmful substances and brain infections. It is therefore essential to consider these different elements in order to better understand this condition.
How is ADHD diagnosed?
ADHD is diagnosed by means of questionnaires, observations and psychological tests carried out by health professionals. This approach makes it possible to accurately assess the behaviours and symptoms associated with the disorder.
What treatments are available for ADHD?
The treatments available for ADHD include psychostimulant medication, behavioural therapy and non-medicinal approaches such as psychotherapy and re-education. It is important to choose a method that is adapted to the needs of each individual.
Original content from the Upbility writing team. Reproduction of this article, in whole or in part, without credit to the publisher is prohibited.
